Multiple cartridge pumping apparatus



5, 1967 R. E. RAYMOND MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPING APPARATUS 9Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 22, 1965 V m N w T Q @mzr/ V V mm mm 1 mo mm II mm 1 I 5 \w W 6 0mm I H 6 Ill! m .ul 7 ow 1 vm il I I 21 h I III I; 6M mm 0 I B I m w: 0 I w I II I M I I I m m 8 mm X a ON INVENTOR. ROBERTE. RAYMOND vial,

5.1967 R.IE. RAYMOND I 3,335,672

' MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 22, 1965 9Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 15, 1967 R. E. RAYMOND MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPINGAPPARATUS 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 22, 1965 INVENTOR. ROBERT ERAYMONDBY M. g L

Aug. 15, 1967 R. E. RAYMOND MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPING APPARATUS 9Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 22, 1965 ROBERT EFgEI IOND BY I I May KM Aug.15, 1967 RE. RAYMOND 3,335,672

MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 22, 1965 9 Sheets-Sheet5 INVENTO ROBERT 34% y Aug. 15, 1967 R. E. RAYMOND Filed Jan. 22, 1965 Q9 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR. ROBERT ERAYMOND j A/A Aug. 15, 1967 R. E.RAYMOND 3,335,672

' MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 22, 1965 9Sheets-Sheet V 24-- .r I-\ J R. E. RAYMOND MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPINGAPPARATUS Aug. 15 1967 .9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Jan. 22, 1965 INVENTOR.ROBERT ERAYMOND x M" FIG. 10

Aug. 15, 1967. R. E. RAYMOND 3,335,672

MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 22, 1965 9 Sheets-Sheet9 200 206 1 23 160 as? .3 8o

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ATTORNEYS 3,335,672 MULTIPLE CARTRIDGE PUMPING APPARATUS Robert E.Raymond, Zanesville, Ohio, assignor to Hydro- Kinetics, Inc.,Zanesville, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Filed Jan. 22, 1965, Ser. No.427,366 28 Claims. (Cl. 103-162) This invention relates to hydraulicmachines and particularly to a novel multiple cartridge pumpingapparatus.

In general, the present invention in one of its aspects relates to aplurality of pumping cartridges, that can be removably mounted invarious envelopes such as a pump housing means, the base frame of amachine tool, the engine block of mobile equipment, or in components ofother machines that require hydraulic power.

As another aspect of the present invention, each of the pumpingcartridges combine in one assembly, a cylinder barrel, pumping pistons,inlet and outlet valve mechanisms, a manifold, and a piston returnmeans. With these basic components combined in a single cartridge typemechanism, they can be readily installed in a housing means in multiplesto provide a pumping apparatus of low or high flow rates with equalefiiciency.

As another aspect of the present invention, the multiple cartridgepumping apparatus permits the use of a standard pumping cartridge forall size pumps that eliminates the development of larger mechanisms andmakes possible building block pump packaging.

As another aspect of the present invention, the standardized cartridgeconcept reduces the need for large inventories for all pump sizes as astandard size cartridge may be installed in multiples in various sizesof housing to provide pumps of various flow capacities.

As another aspect of the present invention, the novel combination of aplurality of removable pumping cartridges in a single housing meanspermits lower costs in manufacturing and fabrication due to thestandardization of the units.

As another aspect of the present invention, the novel constructionemploying standardized removable pumping cartridges permits fixed orvariable displacement operation with a standard unit for all size pumpsas well as making possible divided flow operation wherein fixeddisplacement operation or variable displacement operation, or both canbe achieved from a single pump housing.

As still another aspect of the present invention the novel multiplecartridge construction permits the adjustment of flow and pressure toany load requirements with a standard unit.

As a further aspect of the present invention, the multiple cartridgeconstruction permits greater flexibility of circuit application with agreater variety of control possibilities.

As still a further aspect of the present invention, the novel multiplecartridge construction permits much cooler operation at deadheadpressure as compared to conventional pumps because one cartridge may beallocated to hold pressure while the other cartridges are unloaded andcirculate cooling fluid through the pump without loss of performance andwith a great reduction in power requirements. This feature also reducesnormal wear thus promoting longer pump life.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novelmultiple cartridge pumping apparatus that permits the use of a standardunit pumping cartridge to permit building block pump packaging. Thisconstruction reduces manufacturing and fabrication costs and alsoeliminates the need for large inventories as a standard cartridge sizewill fit all pump sizes.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a novelmultiple cartridge pumping apparatus which per- United States Patentmits flexibility in meeting a variety of applications while maintaininghigh performance at reduced operating costs as compared to conventionalpumps.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a novelmultiple cartridge pumping apparatus that incorporates a standardpumping cartridge and which can perform fixed or variable displacementoperation, or both fixed and variable operation from the same pumphousing.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a novelmultiple cartridge pumping apparatus that functions at lower operatingtemperatures as compared with conventional machines.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a novelmultiple cartridge pumping apparatus adapted for divided outlet flowoperations whereby various flow and pressure requirements can besupplied from. a single pumping apparatus.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparentfrom the following description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings wherein a preferred form of embodiment of the invention isclearly shown.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side sectional elevational view of a multicartridge pumpingapparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an end sectional elevational view of the apparatus illustratedin FIG. 1, the section being taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front sectional elevational view of the apparatusillustrated in FIG. 1, the section being taken along line 33 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an end sectional elevational view of the apparatus illustratedin FIG. 1, the section being taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an end sectional elevational view of the apparatus illustratedin FIG. 1, the section being taken along the line 5-5 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an end sectional elevational view of the apparatus illustratedin FIG. 1, the section being taken along the line .6-6 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG.1;

FIG. 8 is a front elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG.1;

FIG. 9 is an end elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG.1;

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view of a typical control valve forcontrolling variable displacement operation of the pumping apparatus ofthe present invention;

FIG. 11 is a side sectional view of a pumping cartridge constructed inaccordance with the present invention. The cartridge being shown inisolated relationship from the housing means, the section being takenalong the centerline of the cartridge; and

FIG. 12 is an elevational view of a pumping cartridge constructed inaccordance with the present invention, the cartridge being shown inisolated relationship from the housing means.

Referring in detail to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates an axial pistontype pump constructed in accordance with the present invention thatcomprises a housing means, indicated generally at 20, which includesfront and rear housing portions 22 and 24 joined to opposite ends of amiddle casing portion 26 at interfaces 28 and 29. Middle casing portion26 may be divided into 2 porportions along interface 19 for conveniencein manufacturing and fabrication.

Housing means 20 includes a plurality of inner surfaces 21 that formchambers for receiving a standardized cylinder barrel cartridgeindicated generally at 23. One of said cartridges 23 is shown inisolated relationship in FIGS. 11 and 12.

As seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 each cylinder barrel cartridge 23 is keyedagainst rotation in housing means 20 and slidably mounted therein bymeans of longitudinally extending side rail bearings 76. Rail bearings76 are mounted in guide grooves 72 and 74 and function not only toabsorb piston side thrust reaction imposed on the cylinder barrelcartridge 23 but, in addition function as keys against cylinder barrelrotation and thereby serve to absorb torque.

Side rail bearings 76 are of substantially the same length as cylinderbarrel 23, and ar preferably formed from standard steel dowel pins.

Now referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, the standardized cartridge 23 includesa plurality of open-ended circumferentially spaced bores that formcylinders 30 which slidably receive a plurality of piston meansindicated generally at '32.

The end of each cylinder is closed by a reaction plug indicatedgenerally at 34 that forms an outlet valve cartridge and includes arecess 36 containing an outlet ball check valve 38, the end of passage36 being closed by a threaded plug 40 that is screwed into a threadedbore 44. Plug 40 is provided with an axial outlet passage 42.

As best seen in FIGS. 11 and 12, reaction plugs 34 are joined togetheras a subassembly by a plug connector plate member 200 that includesholes 202 for receiving shoulders 204 formed on the rear ends of theplug members. A front snap ring 206 and a rear snap ring 208 secure eachreaction plug in self-aligning mounted relationship to plate member 200.

Still referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, the reaction plug assembly,including the reaction plugs 34 and plate member 200, is retained incartridge 23, against spring pressures, when the cartridge is removedfrom the housing means 20 by diametrically opposed pins 270 which arescrewed into threaded bores 272. The inner ends 274 of pins 270 areextended into annular recesses 276 formed in the periphery of reactionplugs 34.

It should be pointed out that each cartridge 23 is axially positioned bya respective compression spring 280 that is interposed between a springretainer 140 and a shoulder 282 on the respective cartridges 23. Withthis arrangement compression spring 280 biases the forward end 290 of arespective cartridge against a respective annular shoulder 292 formed onan annular cylinder barrel cartridge driving piston 146, FIG. 1 which isto be described fully later in the specification. Annular driving piston146 operates solely as a spacer when fixed rather than variabledisplacement operation is desired.

It is important to point out that one or more of the cartridges 23 maybe adapted for either fixed or variable displacement operation and it isnot necessary that all cartridges 23 operate unanimously one way or theother.

Still referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, reaction plugs '34 further include aplurality of radially extending outlet passages 46 that connect valvechamber 42 with an annular groove 48 in the plug that in turncommunicates with an annular manifold passage 50, the latter being coremolded in housing portion 26 as seen in FIG. 2.

Now referring to FIG. 2, annular manifold 50 includes integrally moldedmanifold outlet passages 230 and 232 that discharge fluid to hollowoutlet members indicated generally at 234 and 236, the latter includinginner surfaces 238 that are constantly biased against extending flatsurfaces 240 formed on cartridge 23.

Compression springs 242 bias hollow outlet members 234 and 236 in sealedrelationship against longitudinally extending flat surfaces 240 at theoutset of operation of the pump and these springs 242 are retained inplace by threaded plugs 250.

Hollow outlet members 234 and 236 are each further provided with anannular outer surface 254 that is exposed to the outlet pressure fromannular manifold 50 and thereby pressure biases surfaces 238 againstsurfaces 240 after the pump is in operation.

Under shock conditions when momentary high flows occur, it is importantto point out that hollow outlet members 234 and 236 serve as pressurerelief valves for dumping the instantaneous high flows to tank therebypreventing damage to the apparatus.

Outlet check valve 38, FIG. 11, is biased against an outlet valve seat52 on the end of plug 40 by a compression spring 54, the latter beingprovided with a guide pin 56.

Now referring to FIGS. 4 and 11, each of the cylinders 30 in arespective cartridge 23 includes an inlet port 25 that receives fluidvia a housing inlet port 27, inner chamber 31 formed by housing means 20and a respective passage 33.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 9, pressurized oil from a respective annularmanifold 50 is delivered to the load, not illustrated, via main housingoutlet port 116 that is formed in end port plate portion 24 through arespective port 100 and passage 102 which communicate with a respectivecartridge 23 through a respective hollow outlet member 234.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 11, each of the piston means 32 includes aspherical foot portion 77 on which is mounteda piston shoe meansindicated generally at 80. The shoe means 80 rides on an inclined drivesurface 82 of a cam means 84 that is keyed to a driven shaft 86 at a key88, the cam means being retained on shaft 86 by a nut 90.

Each shaft 86 is rotatably mounted in middle casing portion 26 byconventional tapered roller bearings 94 and 96 that are pressed intorecesses 98 and 103, said :bearings being disposed in back to backrelationship.

Each cam means 84 and shaft 86 are identically mounted in housing means20.

Each driven shaft 86 is operatively connected to a main driving shaft 87by a connecting link 91 which is retained on shaft 87 by a nut 89. Shaft87 is rotatably mounted in front casing portion 22 by conventionaltapered roller bearings 95 and 97 that are pressed into recesses 99 and101. Bearings 95 and 97 are also disposed in back to back relationship.It should also be pointed out that the forward end of driving shaft 87is provided with a wiper type seal assembly 117.

Now referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, the piston means 32 disposed in eachcartridge 23 are returned to the bottom of their strokes by a yoke,indicated generally at 124, said yoke being molded from low frictionresinous material such as nylon or the like.

Each yoke 124 includes an integrally molded spherical central socket 125for receiving a spherical bearing portion 127 on the end of an axiallyshiftable yoke driving member 136 the latter being mounted in a bore129. Driving member 136 is constantly urged against yoke 124 by acompression spring 158 the ends of which are centered by springpositioners 140 and 142.

With continued reference to FIG. 11, the periphery of yoke 124 isprovided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes 131 that arelarge enough to permit free oscillation of neck portions 128 of pistonmeans 32.

The periphery of yoke 124 further includes a plurality of piston shoemounting recesses 133 that are shaped to form snugly fitting sockets forthe tops of the piston shoe means 80.

Reference is next made to FIG. 11 which illustrates in detail thepreviously mentioned shoe means 80. The shoe means is of compositeconstruction and includes a lower bearing portion 144 that forms anupper spherical surface 145 for receiving spherical piston foot 77 and alower bearing surface 148 that engages the upper surface 82 of the cammeans.

With continued reference to FIG. 11, a pair of upper bearing segments151 include spherical surfaces 156 that conform with the upper portionof ballshaped piston foot 77 and a metal casing indicated generally at160 includes an upper edge 163 that is crimped over upper bearingsegments 151. l

The lower edge of metal casing 160 is provided with an inner shoulder165 that surrounds a recess 167 of reduced diameter provided on thelower end of lower bearing portion 144.

It will be understood that the above mentioned nylon to metal bearingsurfaces although under relatively heavy axial loads, will not gall orcause failure when metal chips or other foreign particles areencountered.

Now referring to FIGS. 1, 5 and 11, as previously described eachcartridge 23 in the variable displacement embodiment is constantlybiased towards the front of housing means by a compression spring 280which also functions as a control spring furnishing the biasing forceagainst which a respective cylinder barrel cartridge may behydraulically shifted by means of a respective annular cylinder barrelcartridge driving piston 146. Each piston 146 is mounted in a respectivecylindrical surface 148 and forms therewith a control cylinder 150 forreceiving pressurized oil in a manner later to 'be described. A smallannular piston surface 152 of large diameter on each cartridge drivingpiston 146 provides sufficient axial force with relatively low controlpressures to shift the cylinder barrel cartridges 23 against the forceof compression springs 280.

With continued reference to FIGS. 1 and 5, a main control port 164communicates with a centrally disposed feedback chamber 162 which isconnected to each control cylinder 150- through angularly drilled ports161, 166 and 168.

Pressurized oil is released to a variable displacement hydraulic controlunit, FIG. 10, by outlet member 236, FIG. 2, through a port 104. It willbe understood that many different types of hydraulic control units maybe employed without departing from the spirit of applicants invention.The appropriate hydraulic control unit for the particular loadconditions is connected to main control port 160 and sends appropriatepressure signals to the respective control cylinders 150 via the portingsystem previously described.

It is important to point out that the novel construction of applicantspumping apparatus and porting system makes possible, when the requiredload conditions require it, the programming of variable displacementoperations wherein the individual cartridges 23 are separatelycontrolled by different control units operating under different controlsignals.

Auxiliary control ports 170 and 172 which communicate with therespective control cylinders 150 for cartridges 23-B and 23-C, FIG. 5,may be connected to hydraulic control units, not shown, operating fromdifferent control signals with a still different control signal feedinga control unit connected to main control port 164 which communicateswith the control cylinder 150 for cartridge 23A.

Cartridges 23-B and 23-C are isolated from port 164 and chamber 162 bythreaded plugs not illustrated which may be inserted into ports 166 and168. With this arrangement it can be readily seen that each cartridgemay be individually controlled for variable displacement operation bysupplying each cartridge with control signals from separate sources.

FIGURE diagrammatically illustrates a typical hydraulic pressure controlmechanism which may be used to control variable displacement of theannular piston 146 and cartridges 23 just described.

A three-way pressure control valve 251 biased at a predeterminedpressure by a spring means 252 is connected to .main control port 160and receives pressure signals from the outlet flow from port 116 vialine 253. A spool 254 progressively opens as pressure increases topermit pressurized oil to flow to control cylinder 150 which causescartridges 23 to shift axially to the left to reduce flow output as theeffective piston stroke is reduced. As the output pressure drops, spool254 closes the outlet to port 164 and opens the outlet to tank 260. Thispermits cartridges 23 to move back to the right under the bias of spring280 to increase the effective piston stroke.

Control valves other than the typical control valve 251 may be used andmay be mounted on the housing means 20 or at a location remotetherefrom. Such modified control valves can be made responsive topressure, flow, horsepower, or other load conditions depending on theparticular requirements.

It is further pointed out that with the novel structural arrangement ofapplioants multiple-cartridge pump, one or two cartridges 23 may operateunder variable displace ment while the remaining cartridges operateunder fixed displacement conditions. This is simply provided for byselectively plugging any of the ports 161, 166 or 168 leading to thecartridges from which fixed displacement flow is required.

It will be readily understood from FIG. 5 and the above discussion thata variety of different arrangements and combinations may be easilyprogrammed as may be dictated by the particular load conditions.

Referring next to FIGS. 1, 2, 9 and 11 a typical outlet portingarrangement will be described.

As previously described pressurized oil via reaction plugs 34 andannular manifold 50 is relased to hollow outlet member 234 of arespective cartridge 23 and then to the load. A typicalcross-drillingarrangement for one cartridge 23 is illustrated in FIG. 9 wherein oilfrom outlet member 234 flows through port and passages 102 and 106 tomain housing outlet port 116.

However, if divided flow operation is desired flow from one cartridge 23can be delivered to one load while the other cartridges deliver oil to adifferent load or loads. Applicants novel structure permits a variety ofpossible porting programs to meet numerous situations.

A typical divided flow program is illustrated in FIG. 6 where a separateoutlet port is provided for the outlet of oil from one of the cartridges23.. A plug 182 is disposed in passage 106-A to isolate the flow frompassages 102-A and 106-A from main housing outlet port 116. Then thepressurized oil flows from port 180 to a separate load, not shown. Theremaining cartridges 23 release pressurized oil to the main load viaoutlet port 116 as previously described.

It will be understood that many different porting programs and variouscombinations of dividing flow to separate loads and individual controlfor variable displacement operation are possible with applicants novelmultiple cartridge apparatus.

It is also important to point out that applicants multiple cartridgeconstruction results in low fabrication, repair and inventory costs as avariety of porting programs are possible from a standard casing bymerely inserting threaded plugs in appropriate passages as may berequired for the particular load application. This versatile casingconstruction is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 81.

Referring next to FIG. 3, a typical cantilever type mechanism fordriving the respective cam means 84 is illustrated generally at 185 andincludes driven gears 186 mounted on respective driven shafts 86 of therespective cartridges.

A centrally disposed main driving gear 187 engages driven gears 186 andis mounted on a shaft 87. It will be understood that it is relativelysimple to provide a variety of gear-ratios between driven shafts 86 anddriving shaft 87 merely by selecting the proper diameters for the gears186 and 187.

It is important to point out that by way of example applicants inventionhas been described with respect to a tri-cartridge pumping apparatus butany number of cartridges may be employed without departing from thespirit of the present invention.

It is further pointed out that in the variable dis-placement embodimentwhen a cylinder barrel cartridge 23 is axially shifted relative tohousing means 20 by means of the annular driving piston 146 and controlcylinder 15!), then manifold outlet passage 230 always remains incommunication with passage 231 in outlet member 234 notwithstandingaxial movement of cylinder barrel 23. Inner surfaces 238 of member 234are always in sealed slideable engagement with axially extending flatsurfaces 240 formed on cartridge 23.

In operation, when driving shaft 87 is driven by a prime mover, drivenshafts 86 each rotate a respective cam means 84 which drive itsrespective pistons. On the suction stroke each piston draws oil intocylinders 30 via housing inlet 27, radial distributing chamber 31,passages 33 and intake ports 25.

On the compression stroke pistons 32 deliver oil from cylinders 30 tooutlet port 116 via valve chamber 4-2, passages 46, 48, manifold 50,passages 230 and 231, outlet port 100 and passages 102 and 106.

During variable displacement operation, some of the pressurized oil inmanifold 50 is delivered to a variable displacement control apparatussuch as shown in FIG. 10 for shifting annular driving pistons 146 andcartridge 23 in the manner previously described.

It is understood that other means for obtaining variable displacementmay be used without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

While the form of embodiment of the present invention as hereindisclosed constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood thatother forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claimswhich follow.

I claim:

1. In a hydraulic machine the combination of a housing means including ahousing inlet and housing outlet ports and a main control inlet port; aplurality of pumping cartridges axially slideably mounted in saidhousing, each of said cartridges including a plurality of cylinders,pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, and cylinder inletand outlet ports; control cylinder and piston means mounted in saidhousing for axially shifting each I of said cylinder inlet portsrelative to said pistons; first passage means connecting said cartridgeinlet ports with said housing inlet port; second passage meansconnecting said cartridge outlet port with said housing outlet port;third passage means connecting each of said control cylinders to saidmain control inlet port including a centrally disposed controldistributing chamber in said housing for radial distributon of controlflud to said control cylinders.

2. The hydraulic machine defined in claim 1 including at least oneauxiliary control inlet port in said housing which bypasses saidcentrally disposed chamber and communicates directly with one of saidcontrol cylinders; and means for selectively closing the communicationbetween said control distributing chamber and any one of said controlcylinders.

3. In a hydraulic machine the combination of a housing means includinghousing inlet and outlet ports; a plurality of pumping cartridgesremovably mounted in said hous ing means, each of said pumpingcartridges including a plurality of axially disposed cylinders, pistonsmounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, cartridge inlet ports andan axially extending side wall provided with cartridge outlet ports;means for connecting said cartridge inlet ports with said housing inletport including a chamber centrally disposed in said housing means forradial distribution of fluid to a respective one of said cartridges;means for connecting said cartridge outlet ports with said housingoutlet port; and drive shaft means rotatably mounted in said housing andoperatively connected to each of said pumping cartridges.

4. In a hydraulic machine the combination of a housing means includinghousing inlet and outlet ports; a plurality of axially extending siderail bearings mounted in said housing means; a plurality of pumpingcartridges disposed in said housing means, each of said cartridges beingslideably mounted on a pair of said side rail bearings and including anaxially extending side wall provided with pumping cartridge outletports; and a plurality of hollow fluid outlet members mounted in saidhousing, a respective pair of said members being diametrically opposedin sealed slideable engagement with said axially extending side wall ofa respective one of said cartridges, certain of said members includingpassage means communicating with said housing outlet port.

5. In a hydraulic machine the combination of a housing means includingan end port housing portion, cartridge housing portion, a gear trainhousing portion and a drive shaft housing portion, each of said portionsbeing removably connected together; said housing means also includinghousing inlet and housing outlet ports; a plurality of axially extendingside rail bearings mounted in said housing means; a plurality of pumpingcartridges disposed in said housing means, each of said cartridges beingslideably mounted on a pair of said side rail bearings and including anaxially extending side wall provided with pumping cartridge outletports; and a plurality of hollow fluid outlet members mounted in saidhousing, a respective pair of said members being diametrically opposedin sealed slideably engagement with said axially extending side wall ofa respective one of said cartridges, certain of said members includingpassage means communicating with said housing outlet port.

6. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination,housing means including a plurality of chambers, a housing inlet port,and a housing outlet port; a plurality of cylinder barrels disposed insaid chambers, each of said cylinder barrels being slideably disposed insaid housing means and including a plurality of cylinders, an annularmanifold, an axially extending side wall provided with a barrel inletport communicating with said cylinders and a barrel outlet portconnecting said manifold with said housing outlet port, a plurality ofpistons disposed in said cylinders, a plurality of reaction plugs havinginner ends slideably disposed in said cylinders and outer ends freelyengaging said housing means, outlet valve means disposed in said barrelfor conducting fluid from said cylinders to said manifold, and pistonreturn means engaging said pistons; a plurality of cam means, each ofwhich includes a driven shaft means rotatably mounted in said housingmeans in driving engagement with said pistons in a respective one ofsaid barrels; means for shifting said barrels in said housing means; anddrive shaft means in driving engagement with said driven shaft means.

7. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination,housing means including a plurality of pressurized passages, a housinginlet port, and a housing outlet port; a plurality of cylinder barrelsdisposed in said pressurized passages, each of said cylinder barrelsbeing disposed in said housing means and including a plurality ofcylinders provided with intake and outlet ports and a manifold, each ofsaid outlet ports having an outlet at an axially extending outer surfaceof said cylinder barrel, a plurality of pistons disposed in saidcylinders, and piston return means engaging said pistons; a plurality ofhollow outlet members radially shiftably mounted in said housing means,each of which includes an inner surface slideably engaging an outersurface of a respective one of said cylinder barrels and an outletpassage connecting a respective one of said pressurized passages in saidhousing means with a respective one of said manifold, a plurality of cammeans, each of which includes a driven shaft means rotatably mounted insaid housing means and in driving engagement with said pistons; meansfor shifting said barrels in said housing means; and drive shaft meansin driving engagement with said driven shaft means.

8. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination,housing means including a plurality of chambers, a housing inlet port,and a housing outlet port;

a plurality of cylinder barrels disposed in said chambers, each of saidcylinder barrels being slideably disposed in said housing means andincluding a plurality of cylinders provided with intake ports and amanifold, a plurality of pistons disposed in said cylinders; and pistonreturn means engaging said pistons; a plurality of control cylinders insaid housing means; an annular piston disposed in each of sad controlcylinders and engaging a respective one of said cylinder barrels forvarying the location of said intake ports relative to said pistons; aplurality of cam means, each of which includes a driven shaft meansrotatably mounted in said housing means and in driving engage with saidpistons in a respective one of said barrels; means for conducting fluidfrom said manifold to said outlet port; and drive shaft means in drivingengagement with said driven shaft means.

9. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination,housing means including a plurality of chambers, a housing inlet port,and a housing outlet port; a plurality of cylinder barrels disposed insaid chambers, each of said cylinder barrels being slideably disposed insaid housing means and including an annular manifold and a plurality ofcylinders provided with intake ports, a plurality of pistons disposed insaid cylinders; a plurality of driven shaft means each including a camengaging said pistons in a respective one of said barrels; means forconducting fluid from said manifold to said outlet port; means forshifting said barrels in said housing means; and drive shaft means indriving engagement with said driven shaft means.

10. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination,housing means including a plurality of chambers, a housing inlet port,and a housing outlet port; a plurality of cylinder barrels disposed insaid chambers, each of said cylinder barrels being slideably disposed insaid housing means and including a plurality of cylinders provided withintake ports, a manifold, an outer wall provided with a plurality ofaxially extending guides, and piston return means engaging said pistons;a plurality of bearing members disposed between said guides and saidhousing means; a plurality of cam means, each of which includes a drivenshaft means rotatably mounted in said housing means and in drivingengagement with said pistons in a respective one of said barrels; meansfor conducting fiuid from said manifolds to said outlet port; means forshifting said barrels in said housing means; and drive shaft means indriving engagement with said driven shaft means.

11. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination,housing means including a plurality of pressurized passages, a housinginlet port, and a housing outlet port; a plurality of cylinder barrelsdisposed in said pressurized passages, each of said cylinder barrelsbeing slideably mounted in said housing means and including a pluralityof cylinders, a plurality of axially extending outer surfaces, aplurality of intake and outlet ports each of which communicates with oneof said cylinders and extends to one of said outer surfaces, a pluralityof pistons disposed in said cylinders and piston return means engagingsaid pistons; a plurality of shaft means each including a cam engagingsaid pistons in a respective one of said barrels; a plurality of hollowmembers movably mounted in said housing means each of which includes aninner surface slideablyengaging one of said surfaces on a respective oneof said cylinder barrels and a passage means connecting one of saidpressurized passages in said housing means with one of said outletports; means for axially shifting said cylinder barrels in said housingmeans for varying the location of certain of said intake ports relativeto said pistons; and drive shaft means in driving engagement with saiddriven shaft means.

12. A hydraulic machine comprising, in combination, housing meansincluding a plurality of control cylinders; a plurality of cylinderbarrels slideably mounted in said housing means, each of which includesa plurality of cylinders, a central axially extending bore, a pluralityof axially extending outer surfaces, and a plurality of outlet portseach of which communicates with one of said cylinders and extends to oneof said outer surfaces, and a plurality of pistons disposed in saidcylinders; a plurality of shaft means each including a cam engaging saidpistons in a respective one of said barrels; a barrel driving piston ineach of said control cylinder and engaging a respective one of saidcylinder barrels; a plurality of hollow members movably mounted in saidhousing means, each of which includes an inner surface slideablyengaging one of said outer surfaces of a respective one of said cylinderbarrels and a passage means having an inner passage end communicatingwith a respective one of said outlet ports and an outer passage endcommunicating with a respective one of said control cylinders; aplurality of piston return yokes engaging said pistons in a respectiveone of said barrels; yoke biasing means slideably disposed in each ofsaid axially extending bores and in force transmitting relationshipbetween said housing means and respective one of said yokes; and driveshaft means in driving engagement with said driven shaft means.

13. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination,housing means including a plurality of pressurized passages, a housinginlet port, and a housing outlet port; a plurality of cylinder barrelsdisposed in said pressurized passages, each of said cylinder barrelsbeing slideably mounted in said housing means and including a pluralityof cylinders, a central axially extending bore, a plurality of axiallyextending outer surfaces, a plurality of intake and outlet ports each ofwhich communicates with one of said cylinders and extends to one of saidouter surfaces, a plurality of pistons disposed in said cylinders, aplurality of reaction plugs including inner ends disposed in saidcylinders and outer ends engaging an end of said housing means; aplurality of driven shaft means each including a cam in drivingengagement with said pistons in a respective one of said barrels; aplurality of piston return means each including a member slideablycarried in said axially extending bore for biasing pistons in arespective one of said barrels against a respective one of said cams; aplurality of hollow members movably mounted in said housing means eachof which includes an inner surface slideably engaging one of said outersurfaces on a respective one of said cylinder barrels and a passagemeans connecting one of said pressurized passages in said housing meanswith one of outlet ports; means for axially shifting said cylinderbarrels in said housing means for varying the location of said intakeports relative to said pistons; and drive shaft means in drivingengagement with said driven shaft means.

14. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination,housing means including a plurality of chambers, a housing inlet port,and a housing outlet port; a plurality of cylinder barrels disposed insaid chambers, each of said cylinder barrels being slideably disposed insaid housing means and including a central axially extending bore, aplurality of axially extending cylinders, a plurality of intake ports,and a plurality of pistons disposed in said cylinders; a plurality ofdriven shaft means each including a cam engaging said piston in arespective one of said barrels; a piston return yoke engaging saidpistons in a respective one of said barrels, a piston return. rodslideably disposed in each one of said axially extending bores andengaging a respective one of said yokes; a plurality of compressionspring means operative between said casing means and a respective one ofsaid. piston return yokes; means for axially shifting said cylinderbarrels in said housing means for varying the location of certain ofsaid intake ports relative to said pistons; and drive shaft means indriving engagement with said driven shaft means.

15. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination, ahousing means including an inner wall forming a plurality of chambers,an end wall, an end opening opposite said end wall, and housing inletand outlet ports; a plurality of cylinder barrel cartridges, removeablymounted in said chambers, each of said cartridges including a pluralityof axially extending cylinders, an axially extending side wall providedwith a barrel outlet port communicating with said cylinders, a pluralityof pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, a plurality ofreaction plugs extending into said cylinders and including outer ends inforce transmitting relationship with said end wall of said housingmeans, reaction plug connecting means, means attaching the outer ends ofsaid reaction plugs to said connecting means to form a reaction plugassembly, means for retaining said reaction plug assembly on saidcartridge and exhaust valve means for said cylinders; means connectingeach of said barrel outlet ports with said housing outlet port; andmeans for keying each of said cartridges against rotation in saidhousing means.

16. The hydraulic machine defined in claim 15 wherein said exhaust valvemeans includes movable valve elements and each of said reaction plugsincludes a valve chamber containing one of said valve elements.

17. The hydraulic machine defined in claim 15 that includes means forremovably locking said reaction plugs in said cylinders.

18. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination, ahousing means including an inner wall forming a plurality of chambers,an end wall, an end opening opposite said end wall, and housing inletand outlet ports; a plurality of cylinder barrel cartridges, removablymounted in said chambers, each of said cartridges including a pluralityof axially extending cylinders, an axially extending side wall providedwith a barrel outlet port communicating with said cylinders, a pluralityof pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, a plurality ofreaction plugs extending into said cylinder and including outer ends inforce transmitting relationship with said end wall of said housingmeans, reaction plug connecting means, means attaching the outer ends ofsaid reaction plugs to said connecting means to form a reaction plugassembly, means for retaining said reaction plug assembly on saidcartridge and exhaust valve means for said cylinders; means connectingeach of said barrel outlet ports with said housing outlet port; meansfor keying each of said cartridges against rotation in said housingmeans; a plurality of cam means each of which includes a driven shaftmeans rotatably mounted in said housing means and in driving engagementwith said pistons in a respective one of said cartridges; and driveshaft means in driving engagement with said driven shaft means.

19. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination, ahousing means including an inner wall forming a plurality of chambers,an end wall, an end opening opposite said end wall, and housing inletand outlet ports; a plurality of cylinder barrel cartridges removablymounted in said chambers, each of said cartridges including a pluralityof axially extending cylinders, an axially extending side wall providedwith a barrel outlet port communicating with said cylinders, a pluralityof pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, a plurality ofreaction plugs extending into said cylinders and including outer ends inforce transmitting relationship with said end wall of said housingmeans, reaction plug connecting means, means attaching the outer ends ofsaid reaction plugs to said connecting means to form a reaction plugassembly, means for retaining said reaction plug assembly on saidcartridge and exhaust valve means for said cylinders; a plurality ofhollow fluid outlet members mounted in said housing, each of whichincludes an inner end in sealed engagement with an axially extendingside wall of a respective one of said cartridges and a passage meanscommunicating wit-h a barrel outlet port of a respective one of saidcartridges; and means for keying each of said cartridges againstrotation in said housing means.

20. The hydraulic machine defined in claim 19 that includes resilientmeans biasing said hollow fluid outlet member towards said axiallyextending side wall of said cartridge.

21. The hydraulic machine defined in claim 19 wherein said exhaust valvemeans includes movable valve elements and each of said reaction plugsincludes a valve chamber containing one of said valve elements.

22. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination, ahousing means including an inner wall forming a plurality of chambers,an end wall, an end opening opposite said end wall, and housing inletand outlet ports; a plurality of cylinder barrel cartridges removablymounted in said chambers, each of said cartridges including a pluralityof axially extending cylinders, a central bore, a plurality of pistonsmounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, yoke means engaging saidpistons, a member slideably mounted in said bore and engaging said yokemeans, exhaust valve means for said cylinders; a plurality of reactionplugs extended into said cylinders and including outer ends extendingoutwardly of said cylinders; reaction plug connecting means; meansattaching the outer ends of said reaction plugs to said connecting meansto form a reaction plug assembly; means for retaining said reaction plugassembly on said cylinder barrel; and spring means in said cylinderbarrel and operative between said reaction plug assembly and saidslideably mounted member.

23. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine comprising, in combination, ahousing means including an inner wall forming a plurality of chambers,an end wall, an end opening opposite said end wall, and housing inletand outlet ports; a plurality of cylinder barrel cartridges, each ofsaid cartridges being removably mounted in a respective one of saidchambers and including a plurality of axially extending cylinders, anaxially extending side wall provided with a barrel outlet portcommunicating with said cylinders, an integrally formed annular manifoldincluding manifold inlet ports connected to each of said cylinders and amanifold outlet port connected to said barrel outlet port, a pluralityof pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, exhaust valvemeans for said cylinders, said exhaust valve means being disposed withinsaid cartridge; and a plurality of reaction plugs extending into saidcylinders and including outer ends in force transmitting relationshipwith said end wall of said housing means; and means for keying each ofsaid cartridges against rotation in said housing means.

24. The hydraulic machine defined in claim 23 wherein said exhaust valvemeans includes movable valve elements and each of said reaction plugsincludes a valve chamber containing one of said valve elements.

25. A multiple cartridge hydraulic machine compris ing, in combination,a housing means including an inner wall forming a plurality of chambers,an end wall, an end opening opposite said end wall, and housing inletand outlet ports; a plurality of cylinder barrel cartridges, each ofsaid cartridges being removably mounted in a respective one of saidchambers and including a plurality of axially extending cylinders, anaxially extending side wall provided with a barrel outlet portcommunicating with said cylinders, an integrally formed annular manifoldincluding manifold inlet ports connected to each of said cylinders and amanifold outlet port connected to said barrel outlet port, a pluralityof pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders and exhaust valvemeans for said cylinders; a plurality of hollow fluid outlet members,each being mounted in said housing means and including an inner end insealed engagement with an axially extending side wall of a respectiveone of said cartridges and means for keying said cylinder barrel againstrotation in said housing means.

26. The hydraulic machine defined in claim 25 that includes resilientmeans biasing said hollow fluid outlet member towards said axiallyextending side wall of said cartridge.

27. In a hydraulic machine the combination of housing means including aninner wall, an end wall, an end opening opposite said end wall, aplurality of cylinder barrel locating shoulders, and housing inlet andoutlet ports; a plurality of cylinder barrel cartridges, each of whichbeing removably mounted in said housing means and including a pluralityof axially extending cylinders, a central spring mounting recessprovided with an inner end forming a cylinder barrel shoulder, aplurality of pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, aplurality of reaction plugs extended into said cylinders and includingouter ends extending outwardly of said cylinder, and a plate memberconnecting said Outer ends of said reaction plugs; and spring means ineach of said recesses and operative between a respective one of saidcylinder barrel shoulders and plate members for urging a respective oneof said cylinder barrel cartridges against a respective one of saidbarrel locating shoulders.

28. In a hydraulic machine the combination of a housing including ahousing inlet port and a main housing outlet port; a plurality ofpumping cartridges mounted in said housing, each of said cartridgesincluding a plurality of cylinders, pistons mounted for reciprocation insaid cylinders, and a cartridge outlet port communicating with saidcylinders; a plurality of outlet valve members mounted in said housingand communicating with a respective one of said cartridge outlet ports;first passage means integrally formed with said housing andcommunicating with a respective one of said outlet valve members; secondpassage means integrally formed with said housing and communicating withat least one of said hollow outlet members; and at least one auxiliaryhousing outlet port in said housing communicating with said secondpassage means whereby the outlet flow from certain of said pumpingcartridges may be separated from certain other of said cartridges.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,432,825 12/1947 Sloane 230l58 X2,699,725 l/ 1955 Quinn 1034 2,800,082 7/1957 Aspelin 103--162 ROBERT M.WALKER, Primary Examiner.

1. IN A HYDRAULIC MACHINE THE COMBINATION OF A HOUSING MEANS INCLUDING AHOUSING INLET AND HOUSING OUTLET PORTS AND A MAIN CONTROL INLET PORT; APLURALITY OF PUMPING CARTRIDGES AXIALLY SLIDEABLY MOUNTED IN SAIDHOUSING, EACH OF SAID CARTRIDGES INCLUDING A PLURALITY OF CYLINDERS,PISTONS MOUNTED FOR RECIPROCATION IN SAID CYLINDERS, AND CYLINDER INLETAND OUTLET PORTS; CONTROL CYLINDER AND PISTON MEANS MOUNTED IN SAIDHOUSING FOR AXIALLY SHIFTING EACH OF SAID CYLINDER INLET PORTS RELATIVETO SAID PISTONS; FIRST PASSAGE MEANS CONNECTING SAID CARTRIDGE INLETPORTS WITH SAID HOUSING INLET PORT; SECOND PASSAGE MEANS CONNECTING SAIDCARTRIDGE OUTLET PORT WITH SAID HOUSING OUTLET PORT; THIRD PASSAGE MEANSCONNECTING EACH OF SAID CONTROL CYLINDERS TO SAID MAIN CONTROL INLETPORT INCLUDING A CENTRALLY DISPOSED CONTROL DISTRIBUTING CHAMBER IN SAIDHOUSING FOR RADIAL DISTRIBUTON OF CONTROL FLUD TO SAID CONTROLCYLINDERS.